Rare ancient BYZANTINE coin Michael VII Maria/Gold Tetarteron Nomisma Mary Jesus

Description

One original ancient Byzantine Gold coin:
Michael VII and Maria, 1071-1078. Gold Tetarteron Nomisma
Constantinople mint
AU 17-18mm. 3.99gm.
Original tone. Lightly cleaned. Exactly as pictured.
Obv./
+QKE ROHQ, nimbate bust of Mary facing, holding before her the infant Christ with nimbate cross behind head, head facing, MP-QV across fields
.
Rev.
/ +MIXAHL S MARIA, crowned, half-length figures of Michael, wearing loros (on left), and his wife Maria, wearing jewelled robe with broad collar (on right), holding between them long cross with terminal dots to arms and X on shaft.
DOC 4; Sear 1871.
Coin is in good condition and very rare and nice inclusion to the finest collection.
Authenticity guaranteed. COA included.
Jesus of Nazareth
(
c.
5 BC/BCE –
c.
30 AD/CE), also referred to as
Jesus Christ
or simply
Jesus
, is the central figure of
Christianity
. Most
Christian denominations
venerate him as
God the Son
incarnated
and believe that he
rose from the dead
after being
crucified
.
The principal sources of information regarding Jesus are the four
canonical gospels
, and most
critical scholars
find them, at least the
Synoptic Gospels
, useful for reconstructing Jesus’ life and teachings. Some scholars believe apocryphal texts such as the
Gospel of Thomas
and the
Gospel according to the Hebrews
are also
relevant
.
Most critical historians agree that Jesus was a
Jew
who was regarded as a teacher and
healer
, that he
was baptized
by
John the Baptist
, and
was crucified
in
Jerusalem
on the orders of the
Roman Prefect
Judaea
,
Pontius Pilate
, on the charge of
sedition
against the
Roman Empire
. Critical Biblical scholars and historians have offered competing descriptions of Jesus as a self-described
Messiah
, as the leader of an apocalyptic movement, as an itinerant sage, as a charismatic healer, and as the founder of an independent religious movement. Most contemporary scholars of the
Historical Jesus
consider him to have been an independent, charismatic founder of a Jewish restoration movement, anticipating an imminent apocalypse. Other prominent scholars, however, contend that Jesus' "
Kingdom of God
" meant radical personal and social transformation instead of a future apocalypse.
Christians traditionally believe that Jesus was
born of a virgin
:529–32
performed
miracles
,
:358–59
founded
the Church
,
rose from the dead
, and
ascended
into
heaven
,
:616–20
from which he
will return
.
:1091–109
Most Christian scholars today present Jesus as the awaited Messiah promised in the
Old Testament
and as God, arguing that he fulfilled many Messianic prophecies of the
Old Testament
. The majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, one of three divine persons of a
reject Trinitarianism
Trinity
, wholly or partly, believing it to be non-scriptural.
Michael VII Doukas
or
Ducas
(
Greek
: Μιχαήλ Ζ΄ Δούκας,
Mikhaēl VII Doukas
), nicknamed
Parapinakēs
(Παραπινάκης), was
Byzantine emperor
from 1071 to 1078.
Life
Michael VII was the eldest son of
Constantine X Doukas
and
Eudokia Makrembolitissa
, and was born c. 1050, in
Constantinople
. He had been associated with his father on the throne late in 1059, together with or shortly before his newly born brother
Konstantios Doukas
. When Constantine X died in 1067, Michael VII was 17 years old and should have been able to rule by himself. He exhibited little interest in politics, and his mother Eudokia and uncle John Doukas governed the empire as effective regents.
On January 1, 1068, Eudokia married the general
Romanos Diogenes
, who now became senior co-emperor alongside Michael VII, Konstantios, and another brother,
Andronikos
. When Romanos IV was defeated and captured by
Alp Arslan
of the
Seljuk Turks
at the
Battle of Manzikert
in August 1071, Michael VII remained in the background, while the initiative was taken by his uncle
John Doukas
and his tutor
Michael Psellos
. They conspired to keep Romanos from regaining power after his release from captivity, while he himself felt under no obligation to honor the agreement that Romanus struck with the Sultan. After the dispatch of Eudokia to a monastery, Michael VII was crowned again on October 24, 1071 as senior emperor.
Although still advised by Michael Psellos and John Doukas, Michael VII became increasingly reliant on his finance minister
Nikephoritzes
. The emperor's chief interests, shaped by Psellos, were in academic pursuits, and he allowed Nikephoritzes to increase both taxation and luxury spending without properly financing the army. As an emperor he was incompetent, and surrounded by synchophantic court officials, he was blind to the empire collapsing around him. In dire straits, imperial officials resorted to property confiscations and even expropriated some of the wealth of the church. The underpaid army tended to mutiny, and the Byzantines lost
Bari
, their last possession in
Italy
, to the
Normans
of
Robert Guiscard
in 1071. Simultaneously, they faced a serious revolt in the Balkans, where they faced an attempt for the restoration of the
Bulgarian
state in the same year. Although this revolt was suppressed by the general Nikephoros Bryennios, the Byzantine Empire was unable to recover its losses in
Asia Minor
.
After Manzikert, the Byzantine government sent a new army to contain the
Seljuk Turks
under Isaac Komnenos, a brother of the future emperor
Alexios I Komnenos
, but this army was defeated and its commander captured in 1073. The problem was made worse by the desertion of the Byzantines' western mercenaries, who became the object of the next military expedition in the area, led by the
Caesar John Doukas
. This campaign also ended in failure and its commander was likewise captured by the enemy. The victorious mercenaries now forced John Doukas to stand as pretender to the throne. In this situation Michael VII's government was forced to recognize the conquests of the
Seljuk Turks
in
Asia Minor
in 1074, and to seek their support. A new army under Alexios Komnenos, reinforced by Seljuk troops sent by
Malik Shah I
, finally defeated the mercenaries and captured John Doukas in 1074.
These misfortunes caused widespread dissatisfaction, exacerbated by the devaluation of the currency, which gave the emperor his nickname
Parapinakēs
, "minus a quarter". In 1078 two generals,
Nikephoros Bryennios
and
Nikephoros Botaneiates
, simultaneously revolted in the Balkans and Anatolia, respectively. Botaneiates gained the support of the Seljuk Turks and first reached Constantinople. Michael VII resigned the throne with hardly a struggle on March 31, 1078 and retired into the monastery of
Stoudios
. He later became metropolitan archbishop of
Ephesus
and died in Constantinople in c. 1090.
Usurpers
Various usurpers attempted to overthrow Michael VII or rule parts of the empire. These included:
Nestor – A slave of
Constantine X
, he had been promoted to the rank of governor on the towns on the Danube. He rebelled in around 1073, placing himself at the head of the garrisons under his command, which were already in a state of mutiny due to an arrears in their pay. The troops were eager to plunder the Bulgarians, and he obtained the assistance of one of the chiefs of the Patzinaks before marching onto
Constantinople
. The rebels demanded the dismissal of minister Nikephoritzes, but discovering that he didn't have the numbers to attack the capital, his troops separated into smaller parties, and proceeded to plunder the countryside. Nestor remained with the Patzinaks, and retreated with them beyond the
Danube
.
Philaretos Brachamios
Caesar John Doukas
Nikephoros Bryennios
Nikephoros Botaneiates
Family
Michael VII Doukas had married
Maria of Alania
, daughter of King
Bagrat IV of Georgia
. By her he had at least one son,
Constantine Doukas
, co-emperor from c. 1075 to 1078 and from 1081 to 1087/8. He died c. 1095.
Payment methods for USA buyers:< PAYPAL
Payment methods for International buyers - including Canada: PAYPAL, International payment methods are available up on request. Please contact us for more details.
.
Please be sure to include item # & address with your payment. IF REQUESTING A CERTIFICATE PLEASE DO SO AT THE TIME OF PAYMENT.
Pay me securely with any major credit card through PayPal!
Items will be shipped within 1 to 3 business days of purchase completion.
FREE domestic FIRST CLASS SHIPPING.
INTERNATIONAL .99
(REGISTERED-.00) WE COMBINE SHIPPING.
If you would like to have special shipping, please contact us.
All items will be sent out in protected envelope and boxed if necessary.
Please make your payments on time.
YOU ARE BIDDING ON AN ANCIENT ITEM(S) AS DESCRIBED AND PICTURED ABOVE!!!
Every item offered by cameleoncoins is unconditionally guaranteed to be genuine & authentic.
We can provide a certificate of authenticity or extended return policy by request only!!!
Please include 5 dollars and a short request with your payment if you would like a COA!!!
If in the unlikely event that an item is found to be reproduction, full return privileges are within 14 days of receiving the coins.
We will promptly offer a full refund without hesitation or hassle
.
Please read the auction page prior to contacting US.